Existing phenology data

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This page list some of the fruiting, flowering, leaf break and germination data that has been published in the literature.  The key focus of the paper is listed and any dates summarised

Please send additional data and reference citations to Astrid van Meeuwen

 

Nomenclature for the plants follows Parsons et al. 1998a and Parsons et al. 1998b;, with corrections and updates from the New Zealand plant names database at New Zealand Plant Names Database.

Other references that discuss many native species

Allan (1961). "Flora of New Zealand.  Volume I.  Indigenous Tracheophyta; Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Filicopsida, Gymnospermae, Dicotyledones." Wellington, New Zealand, R. E. Owen, Government Printer. 1085 pp.

Bergin, D. and van-Dorsser, J. (1988). "Raising native trees and shrubs from seed." What's New in Forest Research 158: 4 pp. 

Eagle, A. (1978). "Eagle's 100 trees of New Zealand.  Companion to Eagle's 100 shrubs and climbers of New Zealand." Auckland, Collins. 159 pp.

Eagle, A. (1986a). "Eagle's trees and shrubs of New Zealand v.1." Auckland, William Collins (New Zealand) Ltd. 311 pp.

Eagle, A. (1986b). "Eagle's trees and shrubs of New Zealand v.2." Auckland, William Collins (New Zealand) Ltd. 384 pp.

Lord, J. (1999). "Fleshy-fruitedness in the New Zealand flora." Journal of Biogeography 26(6): 1249-1253.

Moore, L. B. and Edgar, E. (1970). "Flora of New Zealand, volume II: Indigenous tracheophyta, monocotyledons except Gramineae." Wellington, A. R. Shearer, Government Printer. 354 pp.

Webb, C. J. and Kelly, D. (1993). "The reproductive biology of the New Zealand flora." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 8(12): 442-447.  

Webb, C. J., Lloyd, D. G. and Delphi, L. F. (1999). "Gender dimorphism in indigenous New Zealand seed plants." New Zealand Journal of Botany 37: 119-130.  

Listing of Useful Plants of the World

 

Key to abbreviations

FR: Fruit
FL: Flowers
LV: Leaves

Latin name Common name Reference Focus of paper Phenology
Agathis australis kauri Sem and Enright (1996)  Phenology
Seed rain 
FR: Jan-Jun-1988
Alectryon excelsus   titoki Burrows (1996)   Germination FR: 25 Feb 1994
Alseuosimia macrophylla      Burrows (1999a) Germination FR: 10 Mar 1997
Alseuosimia pusilla      Burrows (1999a) Germination  FR: 20 Mar 1996
Aristotelia serrata wineberry Beveridge (1964) Phenology FR: Feb
Astelia trinervia kauri grass Sem and Enright (1996) Phenology
Seed rain 
FR: Apr-May 1988
Beilschmiedia tarairi   taraire Gardner (1996) Fruit characteristics     
Beilschmiedia tawa   tawa Burrows (1999b) Germination FR: 21 Mar 1996
FR: 27 Feb 1998
Beilschmiedia tawa   tawa Gardner (1996)   Fruit characteristics        
Beilschmiedia tawa   tawa West (1995) Population dynamics         
Beilschmiedia tawa   tawa West (1986) Population dynamics         
Beilschmiedia tawa   tawa Beveridge (1964) Phenology
Seed rain
FR: annual crops of fluctuation quantity
FR: Feb
Brachyglottis repanda rangiora Sem and Enright (1996)  Phenology
Seed rain 
FR: Jan 1988
FR: Dec 1988
Carpodetus serratus putaputaweta, marble leaf    Sem and Enright (1996) Phenology
Seed rain 
FR: Jan-Feb 1988
FR: Apr-May 1988
FR: Nov 1988
Coprosma foetidissima stinkwood Bannister and Lee (1989)  Fruit characteristics
Frost resistance
     
Coprosma robusta glossy karamu Bannister and Lee (1989) Fruit characteristics
Frost resistance
   
Coprosma rhamnoides      Bannister and Lee (1989)  Fruit characteristics
Frost resistance
    
Coprosma propinqua mingimingi Bannister and Lee (1989) Fruit characteristics
Frost resistance
 
Coprosma ciliata     Bannister and Lee (1989) Fruit characteristics
Frost resistance
    
Coprosma rugosa     Bannister and Lee (1989) Fruit characteristics
Frost resistance
    
Coprosma sp.(t)     Bannister and Lee (1989) Fruit characteristics
Frost resistance
    
Coprosma lucida     Bannister and Lee (1989) Fruit characteristics
Frost resistance
    
Coprosma acutifolia         Lee, et al. (1988)  Fruit characteristic       
Coprosma atropurpurea         Lee, et al. (1988)  Fruit characteristic       
Coprosma chathamica         Lee, et al. (1988)  Fruit characteristic       
Coprosma colensoi         Lee, et al. (1988)  Fruit characteristic       
Coprosma crenulata         Lee, et al. (1988)  Fruit characteristic       
Coprosma cuneata         Lee, et al. (1988)  Fruit characteristic       
Coprosma depressa         Lee, et al. (1988)  Fruit characteristic       
Coprosma dodonaeifolia         Lee, et al. (1988)  Fruit characteristic       
Coprosma foetidissima         Lee, et al. (1988)  Fruit characteristic       
Coprosma grandifolia         Lee, et al. (1988)  Fruit characteristic       
Coprosma lucida         Lee, et al. (1988)  Fruit characteristic       
Coprosma macrocarpa         Lee, et al. (1988)  Fruit characteristic       
Coprosma niphophila         Lee, et al. (1988)  Fruit characteristic       
Coprosma parviflora         Lee, et al. (1988)  Fruit characteristic       
Coprosma perpusilla         Lee, et al. (1988)  Fruit characteristic       
Coprosma petiolata         Lee, et al. (1988)  Fruit characteristic       
Coprosma pseudocuneata         Lee, et al. (1988)  Fruit characteristic       
Coprosma repens         Lee, et al. (1988)  Fruit characteristic       
Coprosma rhamnoides         Lee, et al. (1988)  Fruit characteristic       
Coprosma robusta         Lee, et al. (1988)  Fruit characteristic       
Coprosma acerosa         Lee, et al. (1988)  Fruit characteristic       
Coprosma intertexta         Lee, et al. (1988)  Fruit characteristic       
Coprosma linariifolia         Lee, et al. (1988)  Fruit characteristic       
Coprosma petriei         Lee, et al. (1988)  Fruit characteristic       
Coprosma propinqua         Lee, et al. (1988)  Fruit characteristic       
Coprosma rugosa         Lee, et al. (1988)  Fruit characteristic       
Coprosma arborea         Lee, et al. (1988)  Fruit characteristic       
Coprosma crassifolia         Lee, et al. (1988)  Fruit characteristic       
Coprosma microcarpa         Lee, et al. (1988)  Fruit characteristic       
Coprosma obconica         Lee, et al. (1988)  Fruit characteristic       
Coprosma rigida         Lee, et al. (1988)  Fruit characteristic       
Coprosma rubra         Lee, et al. (1988)  Fruit characteristic       
Coprosma areolata         Lee, et al. (1988)  Fruit characteristic       
Coprosma spathulata         Lee, et al. (1988)  Fruit characteristic       
Coprosma cheesmanii         Lee, et al. (1988)  Fruit characteristic       
Coprosma ciliata         Lee, et al. (1988)  Fruit characteristic       
Coprosma wallii         Lee, et al. (1988)  Fruit characteristic       
Coprosma grandifolia      Sem and Enright (1996) Phenology
Seed rain 
FR: Jun-Jul 1988
Coprosma lucida      Sem and Enright (1996) Phenology
Seed rain 
FR: Aug-Oct 1988
Coprosma robusta      Sem and Enright (1996) Phenology
Seed rain 
FR: Oct-Dec 1988
Cordyline banksii Bank's or forest cabbage tree Burrows (1999a) Germination  FR: 19 Mar 1996
Corynocarpus laevigatus   karaka Bannister et al. (1996)   Germination FR: April 1992
FR: June 1993
FR: May 1995
 
Corynocarpus laevigatus   karaka Burrows (1996)    Germination FR: 26 Jan 1989
FR: 6 Mar 1994
 

Corynocarpus laevigatus

karaka Narayana, et al. (1986) Flower anatomy     
Corynocarpus laevigatus   karaka Molloy (1990)  Origin of species
Fruit anatomy
    
Corynocarpus laevigatus   karaka Philipson (1987)    Origin of species
Flower anatomy
    
Corynocarpus laevigatus   karaka Stevenson (1978)    Origin of species      
Corynocarpus laevigatus   karaka Wagstaff and Dawson (2000) Origin of species      
Corynocarpus laevigatus   karaka   Majak and Benn (1994)  Fruit characteristics     
Corynocarpus laevigatus   karaka Nowicke and Skvarla (1983)  Pollen morphology
Origin of species
 
to see
Corynocarpus laevigatus   karaka  Fountain and Couchman (1984)  Fruit characteristics  to see
Dacrycarpus dacrydioides Kahikatea, white pine   Fountain, et al. (1989) Fruit characteristics
Germination
 
FR: Collected Nov-Apr (1984-1986)
FR: ripe Mar-May
Dacrycarpus (podocarpus) dacrydioides Kahikatea, white pine   Beveridge (1964) Phenology
Seed rain
FR: good 1955, 1960, 1963
FR: fair 1958
FR: seedfall 1961-?
FR: May
Dacrycarpus (podocarpus) dacrydioides Kahikatea, white pine   Beveridge (1973) Phenology
Seed rain
FR: 1961-1967
FR: good crop 1963, 1967
Dacrydium cupressinum rimu Beveridge (1964) Phenology
Seed rain
FR: good 1954, 1958
FR: fair 1962
FR: seedfall 1961-?
FR: Mar-May
Dacrydium cupressinum rimu Beveridge (1973) Phenology
Seed rain
FR: 1961-1967
FR: good crop 1962, 1965, 1966
Dianella nigra NZ blue-berry Sem and Enright (1996)  Phenology
Seed rain 
FR: Jan 1988
FR: Dec 1988
Dysoxylum spectabile   kohekohe Burrows (1999b)     Germination FR: 17 May 1997
Dysoxylum spectabile   kohekohe Court and Mitchell (1988) Germination FR: May 1983
FR: June 1984
 
Dysoxylum spectabile   kohekohe Philipson (1989)   Germination      
Dysoxylum spectabile   kohekohe Braggins, et al. (1999)  Sexual arrangement
Flower anatomy
 
FL: Mar-June (1996-1998)
Dysoxylum spectabile   kohekohe Court and Mitchell (1989)  Germination
Plant growth
 
FR: May 1983
Dysoxylum spectabile   kohekohe Court (1985)  Ecology  FL: to check
FR:
Dysoxylum spectabile   kohekohe    Castro  and Robertson (1997)  Nectar production Check paper
Elaeocarpus dentatus hinau Beveridge (1964) Phenology
Seed rain
FR: good crops annually
Freycinetia baueriana kiekie Sem and Enright (1996)  Phenology
Seed rain 
FR: Jan-May 1988
Freycinetia baueriana kiekie Lord (1991) need to check need to check
Fuchsia excorticata tree fuchsia Beveridge (1964) Phenology
Seed rain
FR: Dec
Gahnia xanthocarpa cutty grass Sem and Enright (1996)  Phenology
Seed rain 
FR: Jan 1988
FR: Mar 1988
FR: Oct-Nov 1988
Geniostoma rupestre hangehange Burrows (1999a)  Germination  FR: 9 May 1996
Geniostoma rupestre hangehange Sem and Enright (1996)  Phenology
Seed rain 
FR: Jan-Apr 1988
FR Oct-Nov 1988
Griselinia littoralis   broadleaf,kapuka Bannister et al. (1996) Germination FR: May 1992  

Griselinia lucida

shining broadleaf, kapuka Burrows (1999b) Germination FR: 10 May 1996
FR: 4 Jul 1997
Hebe stricta koromiko Sem and Enright (1996)  Phenology
Seed rain 
FR: Jun-Aug 1988
Hedycarya arborea pigeonwood, porokaiwhiri Sem and Enright (1996)  Phenology
Seed rain 
FR: Jan-Feb 1988
FR: Nov-Dec 1988
Hoheria polulnea   lacebark, hoheria Bannister et al. (1996) Germination FR: June 1992  
Hoheria polulnea   lacebark, hoheria Sem and Enright (1996)  Phenology
Seed rain 
FR: Apr 1988
Knightia excelsa rewarewa, NZ honeysuckle Sem and Enright (1996)  Phenology
Seed rain 
FR: Jan-Feb 1988
FR: Oct-Dec 1988
Knightia excelsa rewarewa, NZ honeysuckle Beveridge (1964) Phenology
Seed rain
FR: good crops annually
Kunzea ericoides   kanuka Sem and Enright (1996)  Phenology
Seed rain 
FR: Jan-Aug 1988
FR: Dec 1988
Kunzea ericoides kanuka    Burrows (1996) Germination FR: 18 Apr 1994  
Leptospermum scoparium manuka  Sem and Enright (1996) Phenology
Seed rain 
FR: Jan-Feb 1988
FR Nov-Dec 1988
Leucopogon fasciulatus mingimingi Sem and Enright (1996)  Phenology
Seed rain 
FR:Jul-Aug 1988
Lophomurtus (Myrtus) bullata ramarama, New Zealand myrtle Burrows (1999a) Germination FR: 9 May 1996
Melicytus ramiflorus whiteywood, mahoe Sem and Enright (1996) Phenology
Seed rain 
FR: Feb-Apr 1988
FR: Sep-Oct 1988
Metrosideros excelsa pohutukawa Schmidt-Adam, et al. (1999) Phenology
Flower anatomy
FL/FR: Dec-Jan (1996-1998)
Metrosideros robusta northern rata Sem and Enright (1996) Phenology
Seed rain 
FR: Jan-Feb 1988
FR: Dec 1988
Myrsine australis red mapou, red matipou Sem and Enright (1996) Phenology
Seed rain 
FR: Jan 1988
FR: May-Oct 1988
Nertera depressa fruiting duckweed, nertera Sem and Enright (1996) Phenology
Seed rain 
FR: Jan-Feb 1988
FR: Nov 1988
Nothofagus menziesii silver beech Alley, et al. (1998) Phenology
Seed rain 
FR/FL/LV: Collected Oct-Jan (1992-1996)
Nothofagus truncata hard beech Alley, et al. (1998) Phenology
Seed rain 
R/FL/LV: Collected Oct-Jan (1990-1996)
Olearia rani heketara Sem and Enright (1996)  Phenology
Seed rain 
FR: Sep 1988
Pittosporum tenuifolium kohukohu Sem and Enright (1996)  Phenology
Seed rain 
FR: Oct-Nov 1988
Podocarpus totara totara Beveridge (1964) Phenology
Seed rain
FR: light crops annually
FR: seedfall 1961-?
FR: May-June
Podocarpus totara totara Beveridge (1973) Phenology
Seed rain
FR: 1961-1967
FR: good crop 1962
Prumnopitys ferruginea miro Clout  and Tilley (1992) Germination
frugivory
FR: June 1984
FR: June 1986
Prumnopitys ferruginea miro Sem and Enright (1996)  Phenology
Seed rain 
FR: Apr-Jan 1988
Prumnopitys (Podocarpus) ferruginea miro Beveridge (1964) Phenology
Seed rain
FR: annual crops fluctuating in quantity
FR: seedfall1961-?
FR: May
Prumnopitys (Podocarpus) ferruginea miro Beveridge (1973) Phenology
Seed rain
FR: 1961-1967
FR: no good crops
Prumnopitys (Podocarpus) spicatus matai Beveridge (1964) Phenology
Seed rain
FR: no good seedcrops 1953-1962, only few fruits on trees
FR: fair crop 1963
FR: seedfall 1961-?
Prumnopitys (Podocarpus) spicatus matai Beveridge (1973) Phenology
Seed rain
FR: 1961-1967
FR: fair crop 1962
Pseudopanax arboreus five-finger, whauwhaupaku Sem and Enright (1996) Phenology
Seed rain 
FR; Jan 1988
FR: Nov-Dec 1988
Pseudopanax arboreus five-finger, whauwhaupaku Beveridge (1964) Phenology
FR: Dec
Pseudopanax crassifolius lancewood, horoeka Sem and Enright (1996) Phenology
Seed rain 
FR: Feb-Apr 1988
FR: Nov 1988
Rhopalostylis sapida nikau, shaving brush palm Sem and Enright (1996) Phenology
Seed rain 
FR: Jan-May 1988
Schefflera digitata Pate, seven-finger Sem and Enright (1996) Phenology
Seed rain 
FR: Mar 1988
FR: May 1988
Solanunum aviculare poroporo Burrows (1999a) Germination FR: 18 Mar 1996
FR: 9 FEb 1996
Syzygium maire   swamp maire, maire tawake Philipson (1989) Germination       
Weinmannia racemosa   kamahi Burrows (1999b) Germination FR: 19 Apr 1996
         
         
         
         

References

Parsons, M. J., Douglass, P. and Macmillan, B. H. (1998a). "Current names list for wild gymnosperms, dicotyledons and monocotelydons (except grasses) of New Zealand as used in Herbarium CHR Version, to 31 Dec 1995." Lincoln, New Zealand, Manaaki Whenua Press. 206 pp.

Parsons, M. J., Douglass, P. C. M. and Macmillan, B. H. (1998b). "Current Names for Wild Plants in New Zealand." Lincoln, New Zealand, Manaaki Whenua Press. 206 pp.